INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
PharmacoGenetics
Effect of personalized diet on CYP450 gene expression and Drug Response: a new approach in precision medicine
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Ayda Khatibi,1,*
1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Institute of Higher Education of Nabi Akram, Tabriz, Iran.
- Introduction: Pharmacogenetics, as an emerging branch in Precision Medicine, examines the effect of genetic diversity on people's responses to drugs. One of the most important gene families in this area is the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes, which play a key role in the metabolism of drugs. The polymorphisms in these genes can lead to significant differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, with some patients being considered fast metabolizers and others being considered weak metabolizers. This not only affects the effectiveness of the drug but also increases the likelihood of side effects. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that nutritional factors can influence the expression of CYP450 genes. For example, phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables, polyphenols in green tea, or compounds in the Mediterranean diet can increase or decrease the expression of certain CYP isoenzymes. Also, deficiency or overdose of micronutrients such as vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids also play a role in regulating metabolic pathways. This data suggests that diet and drug genetics can work synergistically or interactively, ultimately affecting the clinical response to the drug.
- Methods: The study was designed as a review-analytical study. In this regard, articles published between 2015 and 2025 were searched on reputable scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) with the keywords CYP450, Nutrition, Pharmacogenetics, and Diet-Gene Interaction. The entry criteria included articles that: They've looked at the relationship between diet and CYP450 gene expression. Have reported metabolic changes caused by the intake of certain nutrients and their effect on the drug response. Human or animal studies related to common drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic diseases include. The extracted data were then analyzed and categorized based on the type of food, the gene studied, and the pharmacological outcome. In addition to browsing the data, a conceptual model was designed for Nutrition-based Pharmacogenomic Therapy, in which the combination of individual genetic information with nutritional profiles is the basis for the choice of the type and dosage of the drug.
- Results: Analysis of data from studies showed that diet can play a modulating role in gene polymorphisms. Specifically, CYP3A4: grapefruit and some flavonoids inhibited the activity of this enzyme and reduced the metabolism of drugs such as statins and cyclosporin. CYP2D6: polyphenols in green tea and soy changed the expression of this gene and influenced the metabolism of antidepressants. CYP2C9: high-fat diets increased the expression of this enzyme and affected the metabolism of warfarin and anticoagulants. CYP1A2: caffeine intake and diets rich in leafy vegetables strengthened the expression of this gene and influenced the response to anti-cancer drugs. Human studies have shown that combining genetic data with nutritional patterns can more accurately predict drug responses. For example, patients with a weak CYP2C9 metabolizer genotype need more careful adjustment to warfarin if their diet is rich in vitamin K. The conceptual model designed in the study suggests that by collecting patients ' genomic data, along with evaluating diet and micronutrient levels, personalized treatment protocols can be provided that maximize the effectiveness of drugs and minimize side effects.
- Conclusion: Pharmacogenetics, as a tool for personalizing treatments, has so far been able to explain an important part of individual diversity in response to drugs. However, existing evidence suggests that relying solely on genetic data is not enough and that diet should also be considered as a key variable. The study emphasizes that combining genetic information with nutritional data can open up new horizons in precision medicine. The creation of Nutrition-based Pharmacogenomic Therapy can lead to improved drug selection, optimal dosage determination, and reduced unwanted complications. Finally, it is proposed that extensive clinical trial studies be designed in the future to examine the effect of different diets on the expression of CYP450 genes in patients treated with overdose drugs. Integrating genetic, nutritional, and clinical data into intelligent systems can be a fundamental step in realizing the true concept of personalized medicine.
- Keywords: Pharmacogenetics, Nutrition, CYP450 Enzymes, Precision Medicine, Personalized Therapy.
