INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
PharmacoGenetics
Epigenetics and Cancer Signaling
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Kimiya yarahmadi,1,* Sogol taher,2
- Introduction: Epigenetics is the study of how gene expression is regulated without changing the underlying DNA sequence. This field has gained significant attention due to its implications in health and disease, particularly cancer. Historically, the concept of epigenetics emerged in the early 20th century, but it was not until recent decades that advancements in technology and molecular biology allowed for deeper exploration. Researchers began to uncover that factors beyond the genetic code, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, contribute significantly to how genes are turned on or off.
- Methods: Epigenetic regulation encompasses various mechanisms that determine how genes are expressed without altering the DNA sequence itself. Two prominent mechanisms in this field are DNA methylation and histone modification. DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to specific DNA regions, often leading to gene silencing. This modification can disrupt the binding of transcription factors, effectively turning off the expression of genes that may promote cancer. Conversely, when methylation patterns are altered, it can reactivate silenced genes, contributing to tumorigenesis
- Results: The exploration of epigenetic therapy in cancer treatment has opened new avenues for improving patient outcomes. These therapies aim to reverse abnormal gene expression patterns that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Various epigenetic drugs, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors, have shown promise in clinical settings. They can reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes and influence cancer cell behavior, leading to increased sensitivity to existing treatments
- Conclusion: Looking to the future, research efforts should focus on enhancing our understanding of how epigenetic changes occur over time and their role in cancer progression. The integration of technologies like genomic profiling will likely lead to more personalized approaches to treatment. By mapping the specific epigenetic alterations present in different cancer types, researchers can develop targeted therapies tailored to individual patient needs. This progress could ultimately lead to better outcomes for cancer patients and a more refined approach to tackling this multifaceted disease.
- Keywords: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
