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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

PharmacoGenetics

• Microbiome-Based Therapy in Personalized Medicine for Alzheimer’s Disease

• Amir Hossein Kiani Darabi,¹ Seyed Hossein Khoshraftar,² Maryam Rezazadeh,^3,*
  1. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  2. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  3. Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of toxic amyloid-β and tau proteins. The microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis functions as a bidirectional communication system, influencing brain function through neural, immune, hormonal, and metabolic pathways. Gut dysbiosis plays a critical role in neuroinflammation and the progression of AD. Microbiome-targeted therapies, including probiotics, dietary modifications, and drugs such as sodium oligomannate, hold great potential for improving cognitive function in the early stages of AD.
• Methods: A significant number of influential articles published between 2018 and 2025 were systematically reviewed and analyzed through searches in reputable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and others. The results of these studies have been compiled and presented in this article.
• Results: Studies have shown that patients with AD and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit reduced α-diversity of the microbiome and significant alterations in the abundance of microbial genera. Protective species such as Eubacterium are decreased, while toxin-producing species such as Escherichia are increased. Sodium oligomannate was shown to suppress dysbiosis, reduce neuroinflammation, and destabilize amyloid aggregates, leading to improved cognitive performance in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease in clinical trials. Moreover, a correlated relationship was observed between APOE gene alleles, particularly ε4, and the abundance of certain microbial genera. Collinsella was positively associated with the APOE ε4 risk allele, while protective species such as Eubacterium nodatum, Adlercreutzia, and Prevotella9 exhibited negative correlations. These findings suggest a synergistic and aligned influence of genetic factors and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD.
• Conclusion: The gut microbiome has emerged as an innovative and promising therapeutic target in personalized medicine for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microbial alterations play a pivotal role in disease progression and treatment response. Drugs such as sodium oligomannate, which restore microbiota balance and mitigate neuroinflammation, may serve as key components of combination therapeutic strategies. Future studies should more precisely investigate the interaction between genetics and the microbiome and design stage-specific, targeted therapies, as early interventions during the MCI phase show higher effectiveness, while microbiome-based interventions become limited in advanced stages.
• Keywords: Gut microbiome, Alzheimer’s disease, Personalized medicine, Dysbiosis